OWCP CA‑17 and CA‑20

Before you start: two forms, two questions

These are the two forms a federal employee brings you after an injury at work. The federal government runs its own workers’ compensation programme, under a law called the Federal Employees’ Compensation Act (FECA), and the office that runs it is the Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP). Both forms are OWCP’s, but they answer different questions and go to different places.

The CA-17, the Duty Status Report, asks one thing: can your patient work, and if not fully, what can they do? Their supervisor fills in Side A, describing the job, and sends it to you. You fill in Side B and return it to the employer within two days; the instructions say that deadline exists to prevent interruption of the employee’s income. A copy goes to OWCP.

The CA-20, the Attending Physician’s Report, asks what happened and whether work caused it. It goes to OWCP, and OWCP will not pay your patient for lost wages until it has a medical report. It is short, one page of questions, and one of them, item 9, decides the claim.

One rule covers both. Under this programme, medical evidence has to come from a physician. If a nurse practitioner or physician assistant examined the patient and completes the form, a physician must co-sign it, or the report does not count. The CA-20 says so under its signature line.

The rule: 5 U.S.C. § 8101 and following; the instructions printed on each form.

ASide A: what the supervisor gave you

Employee name, date of injury, occupation, how the injury occurred and the parts of the body affected, the usual hours per day and days per week, and item 7, the physical requirements of the job: lifting with the maximum weight, sitting, standing, walking, climbing, kneeling, bending, twisting, pushing and pulling, grasping, fine manipulation including keyboarding, reaching above the shoulder, driving, operating machinery, temperature extremes, humidity, chemicals, fumes and noise, each marked continuous or intermittent with hours per day.

That table is the reference for everything you write on Side B. Your restrictions column sits beside it, line for line, so that the employer can compare what the job needs with what your patient can do. If Side A is blank, you are certifying against a job you have not been told about; send it back and ask for it, or fill in what your patient tells you the job involves and say that is the source.

8Item 8: does the history match?

Does the story your patient told you match what the supervisor wrote in item 5? Tick yes or no, and if no, describe the difference. This is the first thing the claims examiner reads, because it is a credibility check on both accounts. A “no” is not an accusation; “the employee reports the lift was from floor level, item 5 says from a table” is exactly what the box is for. What does not help is a “yes” over a history that your own findings box then contradicts.

9Items 9 to 11: findings, the diagnosis due to the injury, and everything else

Item 9 asks for your clinical findings: what you saw on examination and what testing showed, with dates. Item 10 asks for the diagnosis due to this injury, and item 11, other disabling conditions, is where everything that is not due to this injury goes. Keep the two apart. A patient with a lumbar strain from a lift and long-standing knee arthritis has a strain in item 10 and arthritis in item 11; put the arthritis in item 10 and the examiner has to work out which part of the disability the employer is responsible for, and the form stalls while they ask.

The findings box is the evidence for the restrictions you are about to certify. “Low back pain” with nothing under it does not support a lifting limit; “paraspinal spasm and tenderness at L4 to L5, straight-leg raise positive on the right at 40 degrees, no neurological deficit” does.

13Items 12 and 13: can they work, and what can they do?

Item 12 asks whether you have advised your patient to go back to work, and on what date. Item 13 is the decision: can your patient perform the regular work described on Side A? Tick yes, full time or part time with hours per day, and you are done with the table. Tick no, and the form says “complete below”: the restrictions column on Side B, activity by activity against the supervisor’s item 7, continuous or intermittent, hours per day, with a maximum weight for lifting and a range in degrees for temperature.

Fill in the column as what your patient can do, not what they cannot. The employer uses it to build a light-duty assignment: “lifting up to 10 pounds, intermittent, 2 hours per day; sitting continuous, 6 hours; no climbing” is a job someone can be given. A “no” in item 13 with the column left blank is the most common reason a CA-17 is not accepted, because it tells the employer only that the employee cannot do their job, not what they can be offered instead.

Item 14 asks whether a neuropsychiatric condition affects your patient’s ability to give or take supervision or meet deadlines; answer it only when there is one. Items 15 and 16 are the date of this examination and the next appointment, and the next appointment is read as the date the restrictions will be reviewed. Then your specialty, tax identification number, signature and date in items 17 to 20, your name and address in the box at the foot, and back to the employer within two days.

5Items 1 to 5: who, when, and how it happened

Where the CA-17 answers “can this person work”, the CA-20 answers “what happened, and is it work-related”. Items 1 to 4 are the patient’s name, the OWCP file number if your patient has one (leave it blank if not), the date your patient first sought treatment for this injury, and the date of the examination your answers are based on.

Item 5 asks how the injury occurred. Write the mechanism in your patient’s words and as specifically as you can: the weight lifted and from where, the fall and onto what, the repetitive task and for how long. This box is what item 9 will have to connect to the diagnosis, so a vague item 5 (“injured back at work”) leaves item 9 with nothing to explain.

6Item 6: what you found, including what was already there

Your findings on examination and any test results, as related to the injury in item 5. The form then asks for something the CA-17 did not: any pre-existing condition in the affected body part. Do not leave it out to protect the claim. Under this programme a work injury that worsens an existing condition is still covered, and the instructions say so; what the examiner needs is to know the condition was there, so that item 9 can say the work aggravated it. A pre-existing condition that turns up later in the records, unmentioned here, is what damages the claim.

7Items 7 and 8: the diagnosis, and why “pain” is not one

Item 7 asks for the specific diagnosis of each condition connected to the injury, and item 8 for the ICD code for each. The form prints its own warning in item 7: “pain” is not a compensable diagnosis. Lumbar pain, shoulder pain and knee pain are symptoms, and a CA-20 with one of them in item 7 is not accepted. Name the condition (lumbar strain, rotator cuff tear, medial meniscus tear) and put the pain in item 6, as the form suggests, as a symptom of it. If you do not yet have a diagnosis, say what you have (“acute lumbar strain, imaging pending”) rather than leaving the box to a symptom.

9Item 9: did work cause it, and the sentence the form wants

Do you believe the condition was caused or aggravated in any way by the work activity described in item 5? This is the box that decides whether the claim is accepted. The form says two things in bold. First, there is no apportionment: if work contributed at all, the condition is covered, so you are not being asked to weigh work against everything else. Second, you must explain how the work activity was sufficient to cause or aggravate the diagnosis, or your answer is not accepted. A yes with nothing after it is the most common reason a CA-20 is not accepted.

One or two sentences that connect item 5 to item 6 to item 7 is what is being asked for: “Lifting a 60-pound parcel from floor level with a twist, as described in item 5, is a mechanism sufficient to cause the lumbar strain diagnosed in item 7; the paraspinal spasm and positive straight-leg raise in item 6 are consistent with it, and there was no prior back complaint.” The instructions name four kinds of connection, and using the word helps the examiner: direct causation (the work caused the condition), aggravation (the work made an existing condition worse, and you say whether temporarily or permanently, and if temporarily, when it ended or will end), acceleration (the work brought the condition on faster than its natural course), and precipitation (a condition that would have stayed silent but for the work). A later injury that follows naturally from the first, such as a fall caused by the injured knee giving way, is covered too, and can be noted here.

The rule: the instructions for box 9, printed on page 2 of the CA-20.

Items 10 to 12: how disabled, from when, and what they could do

Item 10 asks you to circle one of three, and the instructions define them. Totally disabled means your patient cannot do any work at all; give the date it began and the date you expect them back at full or modified work. Partially disabled means they cannot do the job they held when injured but can do some work; give the date it began and the expected return to full duty, and complete item 11. Not disabled means they can do the job they held, and the form asks whether there was any disability earlier in the case and its dates.

Item 11, for a partial disability, asks for the extent of the physical limitations and the type of work that could reasonably be done within them, in the same numbers as the CA-17 column. If you would rather give the capacity separately, the form points you to OWCP-5c, the Work Capacity Evaluation, and the instructions name the psychiatric and cardiac versions too. Item 12, remarks, is for anything else about this injury; if there is nothing, leave it blank.

Signing it, and where it goes

Item 13 is the certification and the signature, with a second line beneath it: if the treating provider is not a physician, a physician signs there too. The instructions add that, under this programme, a clinical psychologist counts as a physician within their scope, and a chiropractor only for a spinal subluxation shown on x-ray. Items 14 to 17 are your name, address, tax identification number and specialty.

The CA-20 goes to OWCP, not to the employer: by post to the address on page 3, or uploaded through the ECOMP portal, which gives you a tracking number so you can confirm it arrived. The bill goes on the OWCP-1500, not attached to the form. The CA-17 goes the other way, to the employer, within two days, with a copy to OWCP. Sending each to the other’s address is a quiet way to lose a week.